First, the content material summary:
To test the understanding of the candidates with the types of risk factors and mechanical intrinsic protection requirements of main equipment and areas during the produce and utilization of machinery.
Second, the important factors, difficult points:
(1) Understand the primary types of mechanical products;
(2) Understand the intrinsic safety requirements of mechanical style and the type of safety device of the machine;
(3) Familiar with the boiler space, surroundings compressor train station, gas place, air train station, acetylene train station harmful stage and general safety technology management requirements.
Third, the content material points out:
Equipment is a gadget that is assembled by a number of interconnected components and may perform certain features. During the operation of the mechanical devices, at least some of the relative actions are made relating to specific guidelines. The total mechanical device contains a excellent mover, a control and control system, a transmitting system, a support device and an actuator.
Machinery is an essential tools in contemporary production and life. While bringing high performance, velocity and comfort to people, the machine also brings mechanical damage such as influence, extrusion, reducing and other non-mechanical hazards such as electrical surprise, sound and high temperatures during its produce, procedure and use.
The task of mechanical safety is to take system measures to ensure the safety and health of employees in the entire process of production and utilization of machinery, from various dangerous factors. Mechanical protection contains two factors of the protection of mechanical product making and the security of mechanical apparatus.
1.1, mechanical item production safety
(1) Main types of mechanical products
There are many types of mechanical products. The primary items of the machinery sector are as comes after:
(1) Agricultural equipment: tractors, internal combustion engines, planters, harvesting machinery, etc.
(2) Large mining machinery: metallurgical equipment, mining equipment, lifting machinery, launching and unloading equipment, commercial and mining vehicles, cement equipment, etc.
(3) Construction equipment: forklifts, earthmoving equipment, compaction equipment, concrete equipment, etc.
(4) Petrochemical general machinery: oil drilling and mining machinery, oil refining machinery, chemical machinery, pumps, fans, valves, gas compressors, refrigeration and surroundings conditioning machinery, paper machinery, printing machinery, plastic processing machinery, pharmaceutical machinery.
(5) Electrical machinery: power generation machinery, transformers, electric motors, high and low voltage switches, wire and cable, batteries, electrical welding devices, home appliances, etc.
(6) Machine tools: metallic slicing machine equipment, forging machines, foundry machinery, woodworking equipment, etc.
(7) Automobiles: trucks, street buses, vehicles, modified cars, motor bikes, etc.
(8) Instrumentation: automatic instruments, electrical instruments, optical equipment, element analyzers, motor vehicle instrumentation, electrical devices, audio-visual devices, cameras, etc.
(9) Basic machinery: bearings, hydraulic parts, seals, powder metallurgy items, standard fasteners, commercial chains, armor and weapon upgrades, molds, etc.
(10) Packaging machinery: packaging machinery, metal packaging products, metallic containers, etc.
(11) Environmental protection machinery: water pollution prevention equipment, air flow pollution prevention equipment, solid waste materials treatment equipment, etc.
(12) Other machinery.
The main products of the non-mechanical industry include railway equipment, construction machinery, textile equipment, light commercial machinery, and underwater equipment.
(2) Mechanical safety design and machine safety device
Mechanical safety includes safety at all stages of design, manufacturing, installation, adjustment, use, maintenance, and disassembly. Basic safety design minimizes risk. Mechanical basic safety style refers to the appropriate form and relative position from the part material to the component in the mechanical design stage, from restricting the operating pressure, the quality and acceleration of the shifting parts to reducing noise and vibration, using inbuilt security technology and power resource, applying zero The principle of compelled mechanical actions between parts, combined with ergonomic desk concepts and various other procedures, avoids or reduces the risk by selecting appropriate design constructions; it can also enhance the reliability, operation mechanization or automation of the devices and Measures such as adjustments and maintenance outside the danger zone to avoid or reduce the danger.
Intrinsically safe
Inbuilt safety is a mechanical safety method that is normally used by mechanical designers to take measures to eliminate mechanical hazards during the design phase.
1) Adopting intrinsic security technology
Intrinsically safe technology refers to the design and manufacture of mechanical predetermined functions simply by using this technology. It can meet the security requirements of the machine itself when carrying out established functions of the machine under predetermined circumstances without using various other security safety measures. These consist of: avoiding sharpened edges, sharpened corners and bulges; making sure adequate security distances; determining limitations on physical quantities; using intrinsically secure processes and power resources.
2) Limit mechanical stress
The mechanical stress of the mechanical parts does not exceed the permissible value and a enough safety factor is guaranteed.
3) Protection of components and materials
Materials, fuels, and components utilized to produce equipment need to not endanger the security or wellness of workers during use. The mechanical properties of the materials, such as tensile power, shear strength, influence durability, yield limit, etc., should meet up with the weight requirements for carrying out the intended function; the material should become capable to withstand the predetermined environmental circumstances, such as corrosion resistance, ageing resistance, and level of resistance. The ability to use; the materials should possess uniformity, prevent the metallographic structure of the materials from becoming uneven due to unreasonable procedure style, and create residual tension; at the same time, avoid using dangerous components or substances, and should prevent the machinery itself or credited to use. The risk of open fire and explosion from fumes, fluids, dust, vapors or additional chemicals created by certain components.
4) Fulfilling basic safety ergonomic principles
In the mechanical design, the safety man-machine engineering theory is fulfilled by rationally distributing human-machine functions, adapting to human body characteristics, man-machine interface design, function space design, etc., improving the operability and reliability of mechanical gear, and producing the operator’s physical strength Intake and psychological tension are reduced, thereby reducing operational errors.
5) Basic safety concepts for developing control systems
During the use of equipment, the normal dangerous conditions are: unintentional start, out of control of rate modify, motion can easily not really prevent, moving mechanised parts or workpieces fall off, the function of security gadgets is normally obstructed. The design of the control program should consider into accounts the operating settings of the several procedures or the use of mistake worm gearboxes display products to ensure that the owner can deal with them securely.
6) Prevent the hazards of pneumatic and hydraulic systems
Machines that make use of pneumatic, hydraulic, heat, and other gadgets must end up being designed to avoid the potential risks associated with dog release of these energies.